1. Match the intrusion event defined in the Diamond Model of intrusion to the description.

network path used to establish and maintain command and control : infrastructure
a tool or technique used to attack the victim : capability
the parties responsible for the intrusion : adversary
the target of the attack : victim

Solution:
- network path used to establish and maintain command and control : infrastructure
- a tool or technique used to attack the victim : capability
- the parties responsible for the intrusion : adversary
- the target of the attack : victim

2. What two shared sources of information are included within the MITRE ATT&CK framework? (Choose two.)

collection of digital evidence from most volatile evidence to least volatile :
attacker tactics, techniques, and procedures : attacker tactics, techniques, and procedures
details about the handling of evidence including times, places, and personnel involved :
eyewitness evidence from someone who directly observed criminal behavior :
mapping the steps in an attack to a matrix of generalized tactics :

Solution: Attacker tactics, techniques, and procedures and Mapping the steps in an attack to a matrix of generalized tactics.

3. What information is gathered by the CSIRT when determining the scope of a security incident?

the networks, systems, and applications affected by an incident
the amount of time and resources needed to handle an incident
the strategies and procedures used for incident containment
the processes used to preserve evidence

Solution: The networks, systems, and applications affected by an incident.

4. According to NIST standards, which incident response stakeholder is responsible for coordinating an incident response with other stakeholders to minimize the damage of an incident?

human resources
legal department
management
IT support

Solution: Management.

5. According to NIST, which step in the digital forensics process involves drawing conclusions from data?

reporting
collection
examination
analysis

Solution: Analysis.

6. A cybersecurity analyst has been called to a crime scene that contains several technology items including a computer. Which technique will be used so that the information found on the computer can be used in court?

Tor
rootkit
unaltered disk image
log collection

Solution: Unaltered disk image.

7. In which phase of the NIST incident response life cycle is evidence gathered that can assist subsequent investigations by authorities?

postincident activities
detection and analysis
preparation
containment, eradication, and recovery

Solution: Containment, eradication, and recovery.

8. When dealing with security threats and using the Cyber Kill Chain model, which two approaches can an organization use to block a potential back door creation? (Choose two.)

Audit endpoints to discover abnormal file creations.
Establish an incident response playbook.
Consolidate the number of Internet points of presence.
Conduct damage assessment.
Use HIPS to alert or place a block on common installation paths.

Solution:
- Audit endpoints to discover abnormal file creations.
- Use HIPS to alert or place a block on common installation paths.

9. What is defined in the SOP of a computer security incident response capability (CSIRC)?

the details on how an incident is handled
the procedures that are followed during an incident response
the metrics for measuring incident response capabilities
the roadmap for increasing incident response capabilities

Solution: The procedures that are followed during an incident response.

10. How does an application program interact with the operating system?

sending files
accessing BIOS or UEFI
making API calls
using processes

Solution: Making API calls.

11. Which tool included in the Security Onion provides a visual interface to NSM data?

Curator
Beats
Squert
OSSEC

Solution: Squert.

12. Which tool included in the Security Onion includes the capability of designing custom dashboards?

Sguil
Kibana
Squert
OSSEC

Solution: Kibana.

13. How is the hash value of files useful in network security investigations?

It is used to decode files.
It helps identify malware signatures.
It verifies confidentiality of files.
It is used as a key for encryption.

Solution: It helps identify malware signatures.

14. Which technology is a major standard consisting of a pattern of symbols that describe data to be matched in a query?

OSSEC
POSIX
Squert
Sguil

Solution: POSIX.

15. Which tool is a Security Onion integrated host-based intrusion detection system?

Snort
OSSEC
ELK
Sguil

Solution: OSSEC.

16. Which term is used to describe the process of converting log entries into a common format?

classification
systemization
normalization
standardization

Solution: normalization.

17. What is the purpose for data normalization?

to simplify searching for correlated events
to reduce the amount of alert data
to enhance the secure transmission of alert data
to make the alert data transmission fast

Solution: to simplify searching for correlated events.

18. Which personnel in a SOC is assigned the task of verifying whether an alert triggered by monitoring software represents a true security incident?

SOC Manager
Tier 3 personnel
Tier 2 personnel
Tier 1 personnel

Solution: Tier 1 personnel.

19. Refer to the exhibit. A security analyst is reviewing an alert message generated by Snort. What does the number 2100498 in the message indicate?

the id of the user that triggers the alert
the message length in bits
the Snort rule that is triggered
the session number of the message

Solution: the Snort rule that is triggered.

20. What are security event logs commonly based on when sourced by traditional firewalls?

static filtering
application analysis
signatures
5-tuples

Solution: 5-tuples.

21. A threat actor has successfully breached the network firewall without being detected by the IDS system. What condition describes the lack of alert?

false negative
true negative
true positive
false positive

Solution: false negative.

22. What information is contained in the options section of a Snort rule?

direction of traffic flow
text describing the event
action to be taken
source and destination address

Solution: text describing the event.

23. A network administrator is trying to download a valid file from an internal server. However, the process triggers an alert on a NMS tool. What condition describes this alert?

false negative
false positive
true negative
true positive

Solution: false positive.

24. What is indicated by a Snort signature ID that is below 3464?

The SID was created by Sourcefire and distributed under a GPL agreement.
This is a custom signature developed by the organization to address locally observed rules.
The SID was created by the Snort community and is maintained in Community Rules.
The SID was created by members of EmergingThreats.

Solution: The SID was created by Sourcefire and distributed under a GPL agreement.

25. After a security monitoring tool identifies a malware attachment entering the network, what is the benefit of performing a retrospective analysis?

A retrospective analysis can help in tracking the behavior of the malware from the identification point forward.
It can identify how the malware originally entered the network.
It can calculate the probability of a future incident.
It can determine which network host was first affected.

Solution: A retrospective analysis can help in tracking the behavior of the malware from the identification point forward.

26. A threat actor collects information from web servers of an organization and searches for employee contact information. The information collected is further used to search personal information on the Internet. To which attack phase do these activities belong according to the Cyber Kill Chain model?

action on objectives
exploitation
reconnaissance
weaponization

Solution: reconnaissance.

27. Which HIDS is integrated into the Security Onion and uses rules to detect changes in host-based operating parameters caused by malware through system calls?

OSSEC
Bro
Snort
Suricata

Solution: OSSEC.

28. Which type of events should be assigned to categories in Sguil?

false positive
true positive
false negative
true negative

Solution: true positive.

29. A cybersecurity analyst is going to verify security alerts using the Security Onion. Which tool should the analyst visit first?

Bro
Sguil
CapME
ELK

Solution: Sguil.

30. Refer to the exhibit. Which field in the Sguil application window indicates the priority of an event or set of correlated events?

ST
AlertID
Pr
CNT

Solution: Pr.

31. Match the Snort rule source to the description.
[Pending]

32. What is the purpose for data reduction as it relates to NSM?

to make the alert data transmission fast
to remove recurring data streams
to enhance the secure transmission of alert data
to diminish the quantity of NSM data to be handled

Solution: to diminish the quantity of NSM data to be handled.

33. Why would threat actors prefer to use a zero-day attack in the Cyber Kill Chain weaponization phase?

to avoid detection by the target
to launch a DoS attack toward the target
to get a free malware package
to gain faster delivery of the attack on the target

Solution: to avoid detection by the target.

34. What is the objective the threat actor in establishing a two-way communication channel between the target system and a CnC infrastructure?

to allow the threat actor to issue commands to the software that is installed on the target
to send user data stored on the target to the threat actor
to steal network bandwidth from the network where the target is located
to launch a buffer overflow attack

Solution: to allow the threat actor to issue commands to the software that is installed on the target.

35. Which meta-feature element in the Diamond Model describes information gained by the adversary?

methodology
resources
results
direction

Solution: results.

36. In which step of the NIST incident response process does the CSIRT perform an analysis to determine which networks, systems, or applications are affected; who or what originated the incident; and how the incident is occurring?

incident notification
attacker identification
scoping
detection

Solution: detection.

37. Which classification indicates that an alert is verified as an actual security incident?

false negative
true positive
false positive
true negative

Solution: true positive.